In Tennesee and in New England, Carpenters picket against 1099 Misclassification

Different ideals, different places, the song remains the same, local behemoth business using 1099 misclassification abuse to lower the standards of local living wages, while in New York they threaten their nonunion workforce with guns, threats and empty promises if they chose to be in a union, screwing workers is big business. Screwing the public by allowing us to subsidize their legal employer responsibility is a tragedy.

From "Rough Carpentry: Local Carpenters Union wages an ongoing battle with Proffitt & Sons" TN (7/2/08) - UBC LU 40

The community is Hardin Valley; Murphy and fellow union member Shane Monroe are stationed on Hardin Valley Road a short distance from the Pellissippi Parkway interchange in front of The Village, an in-progress mixed-use residential/commercial development that will be anchored by a major grocery chain. Murphy and Monroe are seated in fold-out chairs on either end of a 5 foot by 15 foot banner that says, in big red block letters, “Shame on Jake Pinkston.” Pinkston is head of Pinkston Construction, the Village contractor.

Murphy says the union is protesting Pinkston’s use of drywall contractors Proffitt & Sons, for not meeting “area labor standards.” The union’s hope is that passers-by will call Pinkston Construction and protest their employment of the subcontractor.

According to Carpenters Union Director of Organizing Robert Helton, the union isn’t seeking an agreement with Proffitt & Sons, but merely to see the contractor improve pay and benefits packages for workers.

“They’re lowering standards for all carpenters in the Knoxville area,” he says. “We’d like to see them change their practices.”

Helton charges that Proffitt & Sons doesn’t pay what the union considers a fair wage, doesn’t pay benefits to many of its workers, and is engaged in using an inordinate number of 1099 independent contractors, rather than using full-time employees who are entitled to worker’s compensation and unemployment benefits.

“By law, you can’t use that many independent contractors on your site,” he says. “Somebody has to be an employee.”

Helton says the union’s efforts have been ongoing since January; in addition to the Pinkston site, he says they have picketed five other sites in the area, including one for the University of Tennessee (the sign for which says “Shame on John Petersen”) and for Blount Memorial Hospital in Blount County.

Charlie from UBCNewsroom posted a story about whats happening in New England "N.E. Carpenters Union Hits AvalonBay’s CEO, Fliers Target Developer’s Hiring Practices" (6/30/08):

The New England carpenters union is taking aim at a national real estate investment trust and its $7 million-a-year chief executive, Hingham resident Bryce Blair, in an effort to expose what the union calls “the underground economy.”

While some people debate the impact of undocumented workers on construction sites, unions and government officials are going after the companies that they say pay their workers in cash and, in doing so, commit insurance and tax fraud.

Since May, members of the New England Regional Council of Carpenters have been in Hingham handing out fliers with a photo of AvalonBay Communities’ CEO Blair.

“When you see Bryce Blair around town,” the flier states, “thank him for overbuilding the town, hurting the town by using contractors that practice tax and insurance fraud, and just being an unscrupulous guy.”

Carpenters Local 424 Business Manager Rick Braccia said the group has distributed 1,200 fliers in downtown Hingham and at the job site, Avalon at Hingham Shipyard.

“AvalonBay hides behind the fact that they tell their contractors they will not allow illegality, but the reality is, there is no oversight on the job by AvalonBay,” he said.

For example, in December 2006, OSHA reported that Shawnlee Construction, an AvalonBay subcontractor at its Newton and Danvers job sites, exposed employees to fall hazards.

In March 2007, Oscar I. Pintado, a 27-year-old carpenter from Ecuador, was killed when he fell at an AvalonBay project in Woburn. Union officials say he was being paid in cash and was working without workers compensation coverage.

In April, Eric Frumin of Change to Win, a partnership of seven unions, told a congressional committee on workplace safety that AvalonBay sites are unsafe.

The Virginia-based real estate investment trust, formed in 1993, manages 52,167 apartments. In Massachusetts, the company has 5,000 apartments. Most are in multifamily, wood-frame buildings.

In Hingham, AvalonBay is building apartments at the former shipyard.

After union carpenters built a clubhouse and one building on the site, carpenters union organizer Mario Mejia said he met workers from Mexico who were brought to Massachusetts from Virginia. Mejia said the workers are living in Devens and are being transported by their bosses in a van to work every day. They are paid $150 in cash each day, he said.

AvalonBay did not respond to a request for comment on Mejia’s statements.

Meanwhile, on the streets of Hingham, Braccia said public response has been “surprisingly in our favor.

“We do get people who think this is strictly a union issue, and think we aren’t getting the job, so we are angry,” he said.

“We tell them, ‘It doesn’t have to be union, but it does have to be legal.’ ”

More info at the sites below

NY: Business, labor and government convened to discuss and learn more about prevailing wage and employee misclassification law.

He also made clear his opinion that in the long run school systems are better served by union, yes he used the "U" word, contractors , as their employees are better trained in both skills and safety.

By Bill The Lather


Commissioner, NYS D.O.L.,M. Patricia Smith

This past Friday, industry leaders from business, labor and government convened to discuss and learn more about prevailing wage and employee misclassification law. Local 46 was aptly represented by Business Agent Ronnie Richardson.

The opening remarks were given by Nassau County Executive, Tom Suozzi, who openly called for business and labor to come together in common interest and forge a Project Labor Agreement that will serve to raise wages, increase the tax base and provide a safer, healthier environment in our schools. He cited the current agreement that exists between the NYC School Construction authority and the NYC Building Trades as a model for just such a plan.

Representatives from Nassau county District Attorney's office, the NYS Attorney General's office, and New York State's Commissioner of Labor, herself, have all put their political will behind these pro-worker pieces of legislation that benefit in turn all residents of the state. In addition to not paying prevailing wages, many unscrupulous contractors will cheat the system by misclassifying workers as "independent contractors." This misclassification results in workers receiving no worker's compensation, unemployment or health care benefits. It also results in the state incurring financial losses in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Those losses are, of course, passed on to us in the form of property and sales taxes.

Christopher Alund, Director of Public Works for the New York State Department of Labor explained to local school board members that their responsibility to make sure such laws are adhered to are greater than ever before. He also made clear his opinion that in the long run school systems are better served by union, yes he used the "U" word, contractors , as their employees are better trained in both skills and safety. He summed up his presentation by saying: " There is no factual evidence that prevailing wage in any way increases the cost of construction." To me, that sounds like a ringing endorsement for union labor.

Task Force on the Underground Economy and Misclassification at a Field Hearing Conducted by Senator John Kerry

Sara Stafford, a Saugus construction business owner shared her personal experience of being underbid by a contractor using misclassified workers and illegals.

Pictured from left: Francis Callahan, Jr. of the MA Building Trades Council, Mark Erlich of the New England Regional Council of Carpenters, George Noel of the state Dept. of Labor and Assistant Attorney General Jennifer Stark.

Submitted by Charles Lezette on May 30, 2008 - 11:22am.

MASSACHUSETTS --

On Mon., April 28, George Noel, Director of the Massachusetts Department of Labor [pdf] and Assistant Attorney General Jennifer Stark [pdf] gave testimony and a progress report on the state's new Joint Enforcement Task Force on the Underground Economy and Employee Misclassification at a field hearing conducted by US Senator John Kerry in Chelsea.
"Cheaters and unscrupulous employers have created an underground economy as big as $1 trillion. Worse, workers right here in Massachusetts are being taken advantage of and not getting the benefits and protections they deserve," said Kerry.

Participating in the hearing with Kerry was US Congressman John Tierney (D-Salem), co-author of the Taxpayer Responsibility, Accountability and Consistency (TRAC) Act, which seeks to discourage employers from misclassifying workers by allowing the IRS to collect the unpaid taxes from the employer. In addition, the bill would increase fines for misclassifications. Frank Callahan, President of the Massachusetts Building Trades Council [pdf] gave testimony in support of TRAC.

"This is a problem that is severe and is getting worse," said Mark Erlich, Executive Secretary-Treasurer of the UBC's New England Regional Council [pdf] who testified on the negative effects of misclassification. Erlich added that it was encouraging to finally see the problem getting greater public visibility.

Business owners also attended the hearing. Sara Stafford, a Saugus construction business owner shared her personal experience of being underbid by a contractor using misclassified workers and illegals. Scott Morrisey of Red Line Wall Systems, Inc. gave this overview [pdf].
Ask your US Representative to support H.R. 5804, the Taxpayer Responsibility, Accountability, and Consistency Act.

Charles Lazette is a contributer/Administrator of Union Review and a politically active member of UBC local 370 in upstate New York, he also runs his website UBCNewsroom, go check it out and keep up to date with the latest misclassification headlines in the US and other news that affects workers in the area

Task Force on the Underground Economy and Misclassification at a Field Hearing Conducted by Senator John Kerry

Sara Stafford, a Saugus construction business owner shared her personal experience of being underbid by a contractor using misclassified workers and illegals.

Pictured from left: Francis Callahan, Jr. of the MA Building Trades Council, Mark Erlich of the New England Regional Council of Carpenters, George Noel of the state Dept. of Labor and Assistant Attorney General Jennifer Stark.

Submitted by Charles Lezette on May 30, 2008 - 11:22am.

MASSACHUSETTS --

On Mon., April 28, George Noel, Director of the Massachusetts Department of Labor [pdf] and Assistant Attorney General Jennifer Stark [pdf] gave testimony and a progress report on the state's new Joint Enforcement Task Force on the Underground Economy and Employee Misclassification at a field hearing conducted by US Senator John Kerry in Chelsea.
"Cheaters and unscrupulous employers have created an underground economy as big as $1 trillion. Worse, workers right here in Massachusetts are being taken advantage of and not getting the benefits and protections they deserve," said Kerry.

Participating in the hearing with Kerry was US Congressman John Tierney (D-Salem), co-author of the Taxpayer Responsibility, Accountability and Consistency (TRAC) Act, which seeks to discourage employers from misclassifying workers by allowing the IRS to collect the unpaid taxes from the employer. In addition, the bill would increase fines for misclassifications. Frank Callahan, President of the Massachusetts Building Trades Council [pdf] gave testimony in support of TRAC.

"This is a problem that is severe and is getting worse," said Mark Erlich, Executive Secretary-Treasurer of the UBC's New England Regional Council [pdf] who testified on the negative effects of misclassification. Erlich added that it was encouraging to finally see the problem getting greater public visibility.

Business owners also attended the hearing. Sara Stafford, a Saugus construction business owner shared her personal experience of being underbid by a contractor using misclassified workers and illegals. Scott Morrisey of Red Line Wall Systems, Inc. gave this overview [pdf].
Ask your US Representative to support H.R. 5804, the Taxpayer Responsibility, Accountability, and Consistency Act.

Charles Lazette is a contributer/Administrator of Union Review and a politically active member of UBC local 370 in upstate New York, he also runs his website UBCNewsroom, go check it out and keep up to date with the latest misclassification headlines in the US and other news that affects workers in the area

Al Jazeera writes on safety in NY sweatshop construction industry

Other workers say they are discouraged from going to see a doctor when injured. "He tell my friend, if you go to the hospital, tell them you hurt your foot playing soccer,"

In deepest sympathy of the worker who fell to his death today, while trying to find news on the story, I stumbled across this piece from AlJazeera.net (4/7/08):

Workers pay price of NYC boom
By Kristen Saloomey in New York

Activists are concerned that many construction workers in New York do not know their rights

New Yorkers who live next to construction sites – and there are thousands of active sites in the city – have been a little uneasy lately.

A few weeks ago, a crane 60 metres long tipped over, crushing a nearby building and killing seven people.

Four of them were construction workers. *Three of them were just hanging out on a Saturday afternoon.

And it was not an isolated incident. There has been a string of highrise construction accidents in recent months, including two window washers who plunged more than 40 floors to what should have been certain death.

Miraculously, one survived.

Further victims

The fact is, on average one construction worker dies a week in New York City - and for every one killed many more are injured.

Latinos make up the largest, and fastest growing, group of victims, like "Juan", 35, who fell and split his head open on the job three years ago.

Juan had been thrilled to make as much as $130 a day at building sites, enough to take care of himself and his wife and four children back in Mexico.

He could make more money and work fewer hours in construction than he did washing dishes.

Then he fell through a hole in the floor, landing on his back in the cement basement. He lost a lot of blood and was unconscious in the hospital for a week.

Most construction fatalities are the result of falls. Of the 43 incidents that took place in New York in 2006, almost half of them involved Latinos, according to the Department of Labour Statistics.

Fatalities rose 87 per cent that year, the most recent for which numbers are available.

Luzdary Giraldo, an outreach worker for the New York Committee on Occupational Safety and Health, says the construction industry targets immigrants who do not speak English well.

"They know they don't know about their rights. And they know they will do their job, regardless," Giraldo told Al Jazeera.

"If confronted with dangerous conditions the worker will go and do [the work] because it is the only option he has."

Immigrant issue

Undocumented workers are easy to find. Every morning they group along 69th street in Queens, at a community centre on Staten Island, and in many other New York neighbourhoods where recent immigrants live.

Contractors in vans or pick-up trucks drive up looking for cheap labour. Typically, the workers swarm and there is a brief period of negotiation, then a few men jump in and are whisked off to job sites.

They have been in high demand. Spending on construction climbed seven per cent in 2007 to $26.2 billion, according to the New York Building Congress, a trade organisation.

According to New York Construction Workers United, about 64 per cent of the city's 250,000 construction workers are immigrants who do the vast majority of non-union work.

Basic security equipment like harnesses and – in Juan's case - hard hats are often lacking from job sites.

Those who do receive safety equipment are often forced to pay for it themselves. Many are afraid to complain because they do not want to be blacklisted or risk being deported if they are illegal.

No rights


This man said many injured workers
are too afraid to seek medical help

After two week in the hospital, Juan's boss showed up and took him home.

"He told me it was nothing, I should go back to work the next week," Juan told Al Jazeera through an interpreter. He never went back.

Other workers say they are discouraged from going to see a doctor when injured.

"He tell my friend, if you go to the hospital, tell them you hurt your foot playing soccer," one man told Al Jazeera.

The friend too was afraid to seek medical help.

Giraldo says even undocumented workers have rights in the US, but many do not know it.

The employer is required to pay for on-the-job injuries, and they may also qualify for workers compensation.

Juan remembers being alone in his apartment and barely having the strength to call his wife, two weeks after the accident.

He stayed in bed for months before hiring a lawyer to help him get compensation. He still suffers from dizzy spells, hearing loss and headaches.

Economic pressures

Contractors pick up workers for jobs every
day in New York's Queens neighborhood

Three years later, he has been offered a one-time workers compensation settlement of $35,000, but he does not think it is enough.

He says his two brothers in Wisconsin have been supporting him and his family and he needs more money to pay for his children's education, so they can have a better life in Mexico.

"Like everybody, I come to this country for economic reasons," Juan said.

Now his wife is planning to spend $3,000 to be smuggled across the Mexican border so she can join him in New York and work as a domestic while a grandmother raises the children back home.

Juan has never met his six year-old son, who was born after he left Mexico.

The crane accident has prompted municipalities from cities such as Philadelphia to Dallas to review the regulations governing construction sites – and many have found them lacking.

Advocates like Giraldo feel more has to be done to ensure undocumented workers receive the same treatment as others.

"They are responsible for building the economy," she said.

And one thing is clear after the March crane accident that killed seven people - dangerous construction sites can put the entire public at risk.

*6 workers, 1 pedestrian

New York cracks down on 1099 employee misclassification

From: Change To Win's Web Blog:

We told you back in September about a task force set up by New York Governor Eliot Spitzer to investigate "misclassification" -- the scam where employers weasel out of paying for their workers' health care and benefits by claiming them as "independent contractors", even though they work full time for their company -- in New York State.

Well, yesterday we saw the first results of that task force's work -- a crackdown on misclassifying companies that found millions of dollars in owed payments that New York employers had held back:

In 15 enforcement sweeps, state investigators found $19 million in wages that were not reported to the state and $3 million in underpayments to workers, the state’s labor commissioner, M. Patricia Smith, said at a news conference. Investigators also uncovered nearly $1 million in taxes that had not been paid to the state’s unemployment insurance fund...

In their sweeps, which investigated 117 companies, state officials found that 2,078 employees had been misclassified as independent contractors. The task force also found 646 workers who were owed minimum and overtime wages totaling about $3 million.

Commissioner Smith noted at the announcement that the corporate crooks they caught were just the tip of the iceberg:

“I wouldn’t doubt that 10 percent of the state’s workers are either misclassified as independent contractors or work off the books,” Ms. Smith said.

The task force also published a report on their findings to date -- unfortunately it doesn't seem to be posted on any of the various state government sites yet, but once I track down a copy I'll link it in from this post.

Posted by Jason Lefkowitz on February 12, 2008 at 11:02 AM |

Huge win, myself and the fellas at UnionReview have been covering this story for quite a while, you can see the links with a search at UR for Misclassification. The intra-agency communication in the misclassification task-force is a big part of it working. Looking forward to seeing this report.

According to the NY Times 2-12-08

Ms. Smith noted that soon after being visited by the task force, one employer began paying unemployment insurance taxes for 205 employees it previously had not reported.

The employers that were found in violation of various state labor laws will be required to pay back taxes, back wages and unpaid workers’ compensation premiums, with state officials often assessing additional penalties.

The sweeps were undertaken by the state’s Labor and Tax Departments, Workers’ Compensation Board and attorney general’s office, and the New York City comptroller’s office.

Already facing 2 years in jail, NY sweatshop construction contractor arrested again.

Intra agency communication helps to arrest sweatshop construction contractor who's already facing 21-27 months in jail for Tax Evasion. This time he allegedly defrauded Workers Compensation. Now facing up to 4 more years.



Gary Woltmann, the president of Woltmann Associates, who previously pleaded guilty to 20 counts of Tax Evasion while employing undocumented workers off-the-books has been arrested again. This time for 2 counts of felonious Workers' Compensation fraud.
From Workers Compensation Info.com:

...allegedly used an off-the-books payroll scheme to avoid paying $150,000 in workers' compensation premiums to his insurer, American International Group, in the policy years 2002-2003 through 2006-2007. He also allegedly defrauded New York State out of $36,000 in payroll taxes.

Woltmann faces two Class E felonies: one count each of fraudulent practices and offering a false instrument for filing in the first degree. Under New York state penal law and workers' compensation law, businesses with employees must carry insurance to cover workers who may be injured on the job. These charges are punishable by one and a third to four years in prison, fines up to $50,000, and restitution.

"Protecting employees with workers' compensation insurance is not optional in New York," Chair Zachary S. Weiss said. "When employers avoid that insurance, they're jeopardizing their workers, and counting on honest businesspeople to bail them out."

On Sept. 17, 2007, Woltmann pleaded guilty to 20 charges that he avoided $220,000 in federal payroll taxes in this same case. While he has not been sentenced yet, he faces 21 to 27 months in prison under federal sentencing guidelines for that offense. Woltmann will also repay those federal payroll taxes.

"The charges in the federal case alerted us to the possibility of the workers' compensation case," Fraud Inspector General John Burgher said. "This is the result of cooperation between state, county and federal entities."

The Board was brought into the investigation last May by the office of Suffolk County District Attorney Thomas Spota. It worked with that office and the Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigations Division in both these investigations.

"Workers' compensation is a lifeline for injured workers who are physically unable to earn an income," Thomas Spota said. "The goal of our partnership with the Workers' Compensation Board and federal law enforcement is to protect New Yorkers from the higher operating costs, higher prices for goods and services, and higher insurance premiums that result from insurance fraud."

In 2006, investigations by the Workers' Compensation Board Office of the Fraud Inspector General resulted in 119 arrests and prosecutions, while the Compliance unit referred another 113 prosecutions to the attorney general. The Board also returned a record $6.2 million to victims of fraud.

The charges in this case are merely accusations and the defendant is presumed innocent unless and until proven otherwise by a court of law. The Workers' Compensation Board equitably and fairly administers the provisions of the New York State Workers' Compensation Law on behalf of New York's injured workers and their employers. To report workers' compensation fraud, call 888-363-6001.

Go Suffolk County District Attorney Thomas Spota, who I have met and shaken hands with when at a union meeting he explained hi NY Spota bill, which has passed the Senate and is as far as little birdies tell me is "in limbo with Gov. Spitzer"

(1)...tighten loopholes in New York State's Labor Law.
Clarifying the responsibilities of contractors' and subcontractors to comply with the statute, tightening local government's record-keeping obligations and increasing penalties for offenders are some of the changes under
consideration.

Specifically, the legislation provides provisions which:

• Treat the theft of prevailing wages from workers similarly to other thefts under the penal law.
• Require that certified payrolls be filed and that the willful failure to file them is a felony.
• Strengthen the responsibility of government agencies awarding contracts by requiring that an individual in each agency be designated to receive, collect and review certified payrolls and that, in the event an agency fails to designate such an individual, the buck stops at the desk of the chief policy-maker of the agency, establishing plain and unavoidable accountability.
• Require that when the spread between the low bidder and the second low bidder is 10% or more, or when the low bidder has been involved in a prior prevailing wage violation, the low bidder must submit a sworn statement and detailed cost estimate attesting to the fact that the prevailing wage law will be complied with, including a personal guarantee to make up any under-payments of prevailing wages and an agreement on cases where liability is determined to cover government investigative and enforcement costs and court and enforcement costs incurred by aggrieved workers and entities.

Why it's sitting unsigned on Mr.Spitzers desk is beyond reasoning. He had done well with his Executive order against Misclassification of Workers.

(2) One would think that our previous NY State administration would have at least taken interest in the economic burden being placed on its citizens yet, nothing was done. It seemed *ESRCC representatives were swimming against an incoming tide. With the election of Eliot Spitzer as Governor however, the “big stick” ESRCC reps needed arrived. As New York State Attorney General, Spitzer had brought enforcement actions against employers guilty of misclassification. When he received the Cornell study on the economic result of misclassification, once again he did not hesitate to act. Within seven months of the study’s release he announced an interagency task force that, for the first time in New York State, all interested state parties would be required to share information regarding contractors guilty of payroll violations. Laws are now being enforced. Those contractors who would erode our quality of life are being convicted. Bid fields are leveling out and conscientious contractors are able to compete. This all translates into more work for ESRCC members, more contributions to retirement and health care plans, anda more stable economy for New York State.

Elliot Spitzer should step up once again and sign the Spota Bill, helping to end the sweatshop construction practices here in NY.

*Eastern State Regional Council of Carpenters
Sources:
(1) NYS Building and Construction Trades Council
(2) NYS Carpenters.com PDF file
Original Story at UnionReview:
NY: Contractor Convicted - Paying Immigrant Carpenters Off The Books

Audio File of the Week - Building Bridges Radio interview with author of Unregulated Work in the Global City

This was originally posted in part at UnionReview.com

This is Building Bridges Radio interview with Annette Bernhardt, Deputy Dir. of the Brennan Center for Justice Program at NYU and one of the author's of Unregulated Work in the Global City, a comprehensive study of the underground labor force in New York City.

This report covers the labor violations, the profiteers, the victims and the enablers that let it happen. Unfortunately most people will just bitch about undocumented workers, this report explains in great detail who we as tax paying Americans should focus our anger towards, the unscrupulous employers and those that allow it to happen.

Some quick facts learned via the report:

The policy makers allow what equates to slavery and sweatshop conditions right here in New York. With workers that do not benefit from the labor laws of the state, who are often misclassified and paid off the books, often below minimum wage and are without any means for a safe work environment.

These workers are often forced to work over 10 hours a day, sometimes 7 days a week, without breaks and usually without overtime pay. They face blatant discrimination and are in constant fear of the bosses reprisal if they step out of line. Sometimes they don't wind up getting paid at all.

Undermanned and under financed investigatory units such as OSHA, with it's 128 inspectors in the entire state, cannot police the jobs (an estimate is that it would take OSHA 96 years to investigate every NYS workplace just once).

Many agencies and politicians which should be regulating these infractions turn a blind eye.

From: The open source Archive-Where you can download this in many formats

Building Bridges: Your Community and Labor Report National Edition

Produced by Ken Nash and Mimi Rosenberg

A recent study by the Brennan Center's Economic Justice Project, details the systemic violation of federal, state & local labor law which is increasingly the way of doing business in N.Y.C. Over a wide range of industries, employers pay less than the minimum wage, and sometimes nothing at all; deny overtime for 60-hour weeks, routinely ignore vital health and safety regulations even after injuries occur; and workers are subject to blatant discrimination, and retaliated against for speaking up or trying to organize.

For more information contact Ken Nash - knash@igc.org

Building Bridges is nationally broadcast throughout the country,in the N.Y.C Metropolitan area it is regularly broadcast live over WBAI, 99.5 FM on Mondays from 7-8pm EST and is streamed, archived and pod cast at www.wbai.org

In the words of Ed Ott, the Executive Director of NYC Central Labor Council "Every union official should have a copy" when speaking about Unregulated Work in the Global City

Download Links for Report (PDF Format):

Unregulated Work In The Global City - Full PDF

also recommended

Building Up New York, Tearing Down Job Quality: Taxpayer Impact of Worsening Employment Practices in the New York City Construction Industry - Full PDF